3/16/2023 0 Comments Effortful processingMore research is needed on the extent to which different types of misinformation might be associated with differential psychological impacts and barriers for revision, and to establish the extent to which people infer intentionality and how this might affect their processing of the false information. Moreover, the term disinformation is often specifically used for the subset of misinformation that Finally, we return to the broader societal trends that have contributed to the rise of misinformation and discuss its practical implications on journalism, education and policymaking.ĭifferent types of misinformation exist - for example, misinformation that goes against scientific consensus or misinformation that contradicts simple, objectively true facts. We provide guidance on countering misinformation, including educational and pre-emptive interventions, refutations and psychologically We review the theoretical models that have been proposed to explain misinformation’s resistance to correction. In this Review, we describe the cognitive, social and affective processes that make misinformation stick and leave people vulnerable to the formation of false beliefs. The cognitive architecture and social context of individual decision makers. Thus, to understand the psychology of misinformation and how it might be countered, it is essential to consider This rejection of science is not the result of mere ignorance but is driven by factors such as conspiratorial mentality, fears, identity expression and motivated reasoning - reasoning driven more by personal or moralĮvidence19,23,24,25,26. For example, some individuals deny the existence of climate change or reject vaccinations despite being aware of a scientific consensus to theĬontrary21,22. However, the information deficit model ignores the cognitive, social and affective drivers of attitude formation and truth Hoped2 - these include educational efforts that focus on merelyĬonveying factual knowledge and corrective efforts that merely retract misinformation.įor decades, science communication has relied on an information deficit model when responding to misinformation, focusing on people’s misunderstanding of, or lack of access to,Įxplanation of facts should overcome the impact of misinformation. To combat misinformation have also not been as successful as However, the prevalence of misinformation cannot be attributed only to technology: conventional efforts Although there is some controversy about echo chambers and their impact on people’s beliefs andīehaviours12,15, the internet is an ideal medium for the fast spread of falsehoods at the expense of accurate Moreover, social media users’ exposure to information that challenges their worldviews can be limited when communication environments foster confirmation of previous beliefs - so-called echo chambers13,14. The internet reaches billions of individuals and enables senders to tailor persuasive messages to the specific psychological profiles of individual Today, misinformation campaigns can leverageĭigital infrastructure that is unparalleled in its reach. Power8, who used messages on coins as a form of massĬommunication9, and Nazi propaganda heavily relied on Misinformation helped bring Roman emperors to The psychology and history of misinformationĬannot be fully grasped without taking into account contemporary technology. Which are the basic social needs that users seek to fulfill according to the dual factor model of social media use?.What is the definition of Dataveillance quizlet?.How does the Internet affect your life?. Which are ways that individual Internet users can limit the spread of false information on the Internet quizlet?.
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